Allama Sir Muhammad Iqbal was born on November 9, 1877, in Sialkot, Punjab. Educated at Scotch Mission College, Government College Lahore, Trinity College Cambridge, and Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Iqbal synthesized Eastern Islamic thought with Western philosophy (Nietzsche, Bergson, Kant). In monumentally influential Persian and Urdu poetry collections including 'Asrar-e-Khudi' (1915), 'Rumuz-e-Bekhudi' (1918), 'Payam-e-Mashriq' (1923), and 'Bang-e-Dra' (1924), he championed the concept of 'Khudi'—the awakening of human moral agency, self-respect, and divine intimacy. In his historic 1930 Allahabad Address to the All-India Muslim League, Iqbal first articulated the political necessity of an independent sovereign state for Muslims in northwestern India, earning him the eternal title of 'Spiritual Father of Pakistan'.
Allama Sir Muhammad Iqbal was born on November 9, 1877, in Sialkot, Punjab. Educated at Scotch Mission College, Government College Lahore, Trinity College Cambridge, and Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Iqbal synthesized Eastern Islamic thought with Western philosophy (Nietzsche, Bergson, Kant). In monumentally influential Persian and Urdu poetry collections including 'Asrar-e-Khudi' (1915), 'Rumuz-e-Bekhudi' (1918), 'Payam-e-Mashriq' (1923), and 'Bang-e-Dra' (1924), he championed the concept of 'Khudi'—the awakening of human moral agency, self-respect, and divine intimacy. In his historic 1930 Allahabad Address to the All-India Muslim League, Iqbal first articulated the political necessity of an independent sovereign state for Muslims in northwestern India, earning him the eternal title of 'Spiritual Father of Pakistan'.
